Geographic

Citadel Securities and Puerto Rico: Retail Investors Under Double Jeopardy

Puerto Rico's retail investors face a unique set of vulnerabilities that make PFOF's harms particularly acute on the island.

Puerto Rico's Financial Landscape

Puerto Rico's prolonged fiscal crisis, Hurricane Maria's devastation, and a bankruptcy restructuring process that wiped out many local government bonds have left a retail investor population managing what savings they have through national discount brokers. These investors are subject to the same PFOF arrangements as mainland U.S. investors.

Jurisdictional Complexity

Puerto Rico's status as a U.S. territory means its residents are subject to federal SEC and FINRA regulations. However, the island's unique legal status has historically complicated the application of investor protection frameworks. The Puerto Rico Office of the Commissioner of Financial Institutions has independent authority to investigate broker-dealer practices.

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