The 2020 Peak
In 2020, Robinhood received approximately $1.5 billion in PFOF — mostly from Citadel — representing 75% of total revenue.
Robinhood Citadel historyPFOF Robinhood CitadelRobinhood Citadel relationship
Investigation
Robinhood and Citadel: A Complete History of Their Financial Relationship
Robinhood and Citadel Securities have been PFOF partners since Robinhood's founding — a relationship that generated billions for both at retail investors' expense.
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